The language in classroom situation, its relation with the formation of teachers and the construction of the energy concept

Se exponen los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de una investigación en curso cuyo objetivo principal es generar una propuesta didáctica que permita potenciar habilidades cognitivo- lingüísticas en profesores en formación inicial, como herramienta para la construcción del concepto de energía. Objetivo que se enmarca en el problema de investigación formulado como pregunta ¿Cómo potenciar las habilidades cognitivolingüísticas en la construcción del concepto energía aplicado a la primera ley de la termodinámica en los docentes en formación de licenciatura en química, pertenecientes al espacio académico fisicoquímica II? Aunque con el nombre de habilidad cognitivo-lingüística se hace referencia a un conjunto variado de destrezas, en la investigación reportada se enfatiza en potenciar las destrezas de explicar y argumentar, aceptando la hipótesis de Jorba (2000), según la cual la única manera de aprender el lenguaje científico es pensar, hablar, escribir y leer; por lo que es necesario propiciar en el aula un ambiente que lleve a los profesores en formación a producir escritos, expresar sus ideas y revisar los textos de otros con el fin de generar argumentos y explicaciones que sirvan para la construcción de representaciones cercanas a las construidas por los especialistasThe following are the theoretical and methodological foundations of an ongoing investigation in the Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas University and whose main objective is to generate a didactic proposal that allows improve cognitive – linguistic abilities in initial teacher training, as a tool for the construction of the concept energy, this objective is part of the following investigation problem: How to improve the cognitive – linguistic abilities in the construction of the concept of energy applied to the first law of thermodynamics in the initial formation of chemistry’s teachers that belong to subject: physicochemical II? With the name of cognitive-linguistic ability is referenced a diverse set of skills, however, we emphasized in the improve of describe, explain and argue, accepting the hypothesis that: "The only way to learn the language is scientific thinking, speak, write and read "(Jorba, 1998), it is necessary to create a good environment in the classroom, that allows the teachers produce written, expressing their ideas and revise the texts of others in order to generate arguments and explanations used for the construction of concept

454-Pyrosequencing Analysis of Bacterial Communities from Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Bioreactors Utilizing Universal Primers: Effect of Annealing Temperature

Identification of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria by molecular tools aimed at the evaluation of bacterial diversity in autotrophic nitrogen removal systems is limited by the difficulty to design universal primers for the Bacteria domain able to amplify the anammox 16S rRNA genes. A metagenomic analysis (pyrosequencing) of total bacterial diversity including anammox population in five autotrophic nitrogen removal technologies, two bench-scale models (MBR and Low Temperature CANON) and three full-scale bioreactors (anammox, CANON, and DEMON), was successfully carried out by optimization of primer selection and PCR conditions (annealing temperature). The universal primer 530F was identified as the best candidate for total bacteria and anammox bacteria diversity coverage. Salt-adjusted optimum annealing temperature of primer 530F was calculated (47°C) and hence a range of annealing temperatures of 44–49°C was tested. Pyrosequencing data showed that annealing temperature of 45°C yielded the best results in terms of species richness and diversity for all bioreactors analyzed

Determinación del polimorfismo C677T de metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) en una población piloto de estudiantes de la Universidad del Rosario

 Introduction: the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an essential enzyme in folate metabolism; their polymorphisms have been associated with heart disease risk increase, obstetric problems, neural tube defects in fetuses and cancer susceptibility. This gene has a single nucleotide polymorphism, a C-T change at nucleotide 677, which affects significantly its enzymatic activity. Objective: because of the biological importance of this enzyme and the Colombian population genetic heterogeneity characteristic, a study was performed to determine allele and genotype frequencies of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in healthy individuals, taking into account that in Colombia there are only studies that have involved case-control methodology. Methods: we analyzed this polymorphism trough the amplification of the DNA of a 206 students sample population. Additionally, Colombian overall frequencies were calculated, using data from healthy controls reported in other studies. Results: a Hardy-Weinberg disequilibri m was found in the sample tested. For the Colombian data, we found that the global population was in equilibrium. Conclusion: T allele population frequency seems to be under positive selection pressure, which is reflected in the population allele increase, despite its deleterious effect. A Spanish study reported similar results and identified folic acid supplementation on expectant mothers as a probably cause of this change. Introducción: la 5, 10-metilentetrahidrofolato reductasa (MTHFR) es una enzima clave en el metabolismo del folato; sus polimorfismos se han asociado al aumento de riesgo de padecer enfermedad coronaria, problemas obstétricos en mujeres gestantes, desarrollo de fetos con defectos de cierre del tubo neural y susceptibilidad a algunos tipos de cáncer. Este gen presenta una variación polimórfica de nucleótido único, que consiste en un cambio de C por T en la posición 677 el cual afecta de manera notable su actividad enzimática. Objetivo: Dada la importancia de esta enzima y la heterogeneidad genética de la población colombiana se realizó un estudio para determinar las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas del polimorfismo C677T de MTHFR en individuos sanos, debido a que en el país sólo se han realizado estudios que involucran metodología de casos y controles. Materiales y métodos: Este polimorfismo se estudió a partir de ADN de una muestra poblacional de 206 estudiantes. Adicionalmente, se calcularon las frecuencias globales de Colombia utilizando los datos de controles sanos reportados en otros estudios. Resultados: En la muestra evaluada se detectó un desequilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, mientras que en los datos globales colombianos se encontró que la población está en equilibrio. Conclusión: la frecuencia poblacional del alelo T parece estar sometida a una presión de selección positiva, dado su incremento en la población a pesar de su efecto deletéreo. Un estudio español reporta resultados similares y argumenta como causa probable de este cambio en la frecuencia alélica de T la suplementación con ácido fólico a futuras madres

Effect of platform switching on the peri-implant bone: a finite element study

Background: There exists a relation between the presence and location of the micro-gap and the loss of peri-implant bone. Several authors have shown that the treatments based on the use of platform switching result in less peri-implant bone loss and an increased tissue stability. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of the platform switching on the distribution of stresses on the peri-implant bone using the finite element method. Material and Methods: A realistic 3D full-mandible finite element model representing cortical bone and trabecular bone was used to study the distribution of the stress on the bone induced by an implant of diameter 4.1 mm. Two abutments were modelled. The first one, of diameter 4.1 mm, was used in the reference model to represent a conventional implant. The second one, of diameter 3.2 mm, was used to represent the implant with platform switching. Both models were subjected to axial and oblique masticatory loads. Results: The analyses showed that, although no relevant differences can be found for the trabecular bone, the use of platform switching reduces the maximum stress level in the cortical bone by almost 36% with axial loads and by 40% with oblique loads. Conclusions: The full 3D Finite Element model, that can be used to investigate the influence of other parameters (implant diameter, connection, ...) on the biomechanical behaviour of the implant, showed that this stress reduction can be a biomechanical reasons to explain why the platform switching seems to reduce or eliminate crestal bone resorption after the prosthetic restoratio

An Intelligent System-on-a-Chip for a Real-Time Assessment of Fuel Consumption to Promote Eco-Driving

Pollution that originates from automobiles is a concern in the current world, not only because of global warming, but also due to the harmful effects on people’s health and lives. Despite regulations on exhaust gas emissions being applied, minimizing unsuitable driving habits that cause elevated fuel consumption and emissions would achieve further reductions. For that reason, this work proposes a self-organized map (SOM)-based intelligent system in order to provide drivers with eco-driving-intended driving style (DS) recommendations. The development of the DS advisor uses driving data from the Uyanik instrumented car. The system classifies drivers regarding the underlying causes of non-optimal DSs from the eco-driving viewpoint. When compared with other solutions, the main advantage of this approach is the personalization of the recommendations that are provided to motorists, comprising the handling of the pedals and the gearbox, with potential improvements in both fuel consumption and emissions ranging from the 9.5% to the 31.5%, or even higher for drivers that are strongly engaged with the system. It was successfully implemented using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device of the Xilinx ZynQ programmable system-on-a-chip (PSoC) family. This SOM-based system allows for real-time implementation, state-of-the-art timing performances, and low power consumption, which are suitable for developing advanced driving assistance systems (ADASs).This work was supported in part by the Spanish AEI and European FEDER funds under Grant TEC2016-77618-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and by the University of the Basque Country under Grant GIU18/122

Kinetic models comparison for non-isothermal steam gasification of coal–biomass blend chars

The non-isothermal thermogravimetric method (TGA) was applied to a bituminous coal (PT), two types of biomass, chestnut residues (CH) and olive stones (OS), and coal–biomass blends in order to investigate their thermal reactivity under steam. Fuel chars were obtained by pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor at a final temperature of 1373 K for 30 min. The gasification tests were carried out by thermogravimetric analysis from room temperature to 1373 K at heating rates of 5, 10 and 15 K min−1. After blending, no significant interactions were detected between PT and CH during co-gasification, whereas deviations from the additive behaviour were observed in the PT–OS blend. However, for the two coal–biomass blends, the gasification behaviour resembled that of the individual coal, as this component constituted the larger proportion of the blend. The temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) technique was employed at three different heating rates to analyze noncatalytic gas–solid reactions. Three nth-order representative gas–solid models, the volumetric model (VM), the grain model (GM) and the random pore model (RPM) were applied in order to describe the reactive behaviour of the chars during steam gasification. From these models, the kinetic parameters were determined. The best model for describing the reactivity of the PT, PT–CH and PT–OS samples was the RPM model. VM was the model that best fitted the CH sample, whereas none of the models were suitable for the OS sample.This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish MICINN (Project PS- 120000-2006-3, ECOCOMBOS), and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF.Peer reviewe

Fomento de la habilidad autorreguladora del aprendizaje en estudiantes de quinto de primaria de tres Instituciones Educativas Distritales

136 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas y fotos.El presente proyecto de investigación buscó determinar los procesos que permiten desarrollar el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de quinto de primaria de tres Instituciones Educativas Distritales de Bogotá, se diseñó un ambiente de aprendizaje mediado por TIC a través de la estrategia didáctica y pedagógica b-learning. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de corte cualitativo-descriptivo que toma como referente el modelo cíclico de Zimmerman y Moylan (2009) sobre el aprendizaje autorregulado del cual se tomaron las fases de motivación y planificación, autorreflexión y se adicionó la fase de realimentación y el enfoque constructivista de acuerdo con los lineamientos de los proyectos educativos institucionales de las tres instituciones distritales de Bogotá que participaron en el estudio. Para abordar la problemática detectada que gira en torno a la dificultad para cumplir con sus actividades escolares, organizar sus tiempos de estudio y ser autónomo en la toma de decisiones y realización de sus actividades académicas. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de los procesos a considerar para fomentar las habilidades autorreguladoras y cómo la tecnología se convierte en una herramienta fundamental para facilitar y motivar el desarrollo del aprendizaje autorregulado en población de edades tempranas.​ ​

Intestinal microbiota transplantation to germ-free mice in a in vivo model of nafld associated with a quercetin treatment

15 p.To select mice donors for intestinal microbiota transplantation based on its metabolic phenotype in response to a high fat diet (HFD) and quercetin treatment (Q). Intestinal microbiota. Resumen de un trabajo resultado del proyecto de investigación financiado por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (referencia LE063U16)S

Delivery of Health Care by Spanish Dental Hygienists in Private and Public Dental Services during the COVID-19 De-Escalation Phase (June 2020): A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain posed a major challenge for Spanish dental professionals. The objective of this work is to describe the dental hygienists’ work status and employment patterns during the de-escalation phase in order to analyse the standards of knowledge, compliance with official recommendations, and dental activities both in the public health service and in the private sector. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was answered by Spanish dental hygienists via WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. The questionnaire was piloted before it was distributed and carried out during June 2020. Results: Here, 517 dental hygienists were surveyed, of which 86.2% followed the official recommendations to avoid contagion and 63.8% agreed with the gradual return to work by limiting the use of aerosols. Private dental hygienists identified more with returning to work without restrictions (14.5%) versus those working for the public service (1.2%) (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Dental hygienists’ return to work has involved different strategies, aimed at controlling infection and guaranteeing the safety of patients and the rest of the dental team. The availability of personal protective equipment, the adaptation of clinical infrastructure, and patient care management have differed between professionals working in the private and public sectors

Recommendations by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health (SESPO) for the healthcare adaptation of public health dental clinics in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic and, a few days later, the Spanish Government declared a State of Emergency and the population lockdown. This crisis situation crisis forced deep changes in health care. A